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i hate essays
Former Member
Posts: 1,876,323 The Mix Honorary Guru
any one know how to reference using harvard style? and what is it exactly ? call me thick or what ever but i feel like ive been thrown into the deep end at uni, i only learnt how to write a basic essay last year at sixth form and what they expect aint what ive been taught :crying:
Post edited by JustV on
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The reference should go authors name, Book/Article name, Journal (if applicable) and then page number.
All sources of references must be listed alphabetically in a bibliography at the end.
For example, in an essay last year i took this from a book but did not quote it
the reference at the end went
and bibliography part:
the way i've been taught is: author/s, year it was published, name of book, publishers and where it was published, followed by page numbers used.
taken from my dissertation bibliography...
• Biggs, S. (1993). Understanding ageing: images, attitudes and professional practice. Open University Press, Buckingham. Page 54.
Essays at college are hard enough...maybe I'll cancel my Uni applications...
there were a lot of marks for presentation. so if (for LLB Law) in the first sentence you should assert the point of the paragraph, then elaborate and support with rounded authority remebering to underline cases used and give full citation in the footnotes which you should be taught how to do.
Harvard style? how pretentious, what could they mean? perhaps i should ask my richer friends overseas while im picking chewing gum off the carpets at UWE.
basically this is how:-
surname of author, initials., any other author, initials.
title of the paper
(year published) name of journal, reference to the journal, page numbers from-to.
eg.
Smith, J.S., Jones., J.T.
Nutrition variability in sandwiches
(1987) Journal of whatever, 31, pp. 139-145.
to the OP, you'll be very used to it by the time your graduate.
As far as referencing goes. I believe the following is the industry standard.
Author, Book title, Place of publication, year, pages
For example,
Mikhail Bulgakov, The Master & Margarita, London, 1967, pp. 33-132
This should be done in references in the text via a footnote with the specific page number included. In the bibliography, it isn't generally necessary to put page numbers as they should have been put in the footnotes when you cited the book.
As for footnotes, they follow the same pattern. Though you shouldn't name the same book twice on one page. Rather, write this (assuming both footnotes came from the same book, otherwise you need to draw distinctions.
1. Mikhail Bulgakov, The Master & Margarita, London, 1967, p. 33
2. Ibid
3. Ibid
Normally put the publishing city rather than publishing house, so just put London rather than Penguin.
Also, if it's published by an academic institution, then put that; MIT, Harvard, OUP whatever. Hope this helps.
What you need is:
Surname, Initials, Year of Publication. Full title of book (in italics). Place of Publication: Name of Publisher.
eg. Bulgakov, M., 1967. The Master and Margarita. London: Oxford University Press.
Either you put that information in a bibliography at the end of the essay, or you put it in a footnote at the bottom of your page (in Word, go to Insert, then Footnote). You need to use a footnote if you've taken a direct quote from a book and used it in your essay - and if you're doing this, you'll need to add a page number onto the end of the reference in the style "p. 15" or "pp. 15-16". Any books you've read to research your essay need to go in the bibliography.
If you need to reference anything a bit more complicated (ie. a journal, web page, book with more than one author), check out this site for all the details:
http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm
Sadly there is no universal system. Even within the Uni o' Bristaal there is no concensus on how you should properly reference things. Which is really fucking stupid in my opinion.
Dutta, D. 2002. Retail @ The Speed of Fashion: Case study [online]. Third Eyesight. Available at: http://www.3isite.com/articles.htm [Accessed 1 December 2006]
I agree, I'm doing modules with two different departments and each department uses a different referencing system. Why does it really matter as long as you're giving a bit of information about which books you've read? Crazy.
i have to use it on all my assignements too.
not for me.
in my 2nd year at uni i stuck to 1 method and it was never ever picked up on. this year my dissertation tutor told me i was doing it incorrectly and was really shocked that no one had said anything before!
In general it is convention for Sciences/Social sciences to use the Harvard style, whilst Arts & Humanities tend to use the 'Firstname, Surname Title (Place of publication, year), p. x' approach.
I've always been a bit confused though about why you need to leave the publishers off? I'd have thought that was more important than the place of publication, but hey, academics are wierd creatures
Out of interest, which department in Bristol are you at? In the History department I think there were departmental guidelines, or at least all the tutors expected the same style of referencing. Sheffield uses the same style too.
There's no concensus there so you get different people telling you different things which is pretty confusing.
Oh dear.
Do you just do Russian or is it joint with something else? I was in the German department (I did History with German) - it was lovely, quite small, so everybody knew everyone else and I think Bertha, the departmental secretary, was on first name terms with all the students!! Aww, I miss it. I can't remember what people said about referencing, though. I just stuck with what I did in the History dept and no-one complained.
I do Spanish and Russian. The Spanish dept. is completely weekend and badly organised. That and the ASS library is desperately understocked. It's shocking. I even wrote to the Epigram about it.
E.g. Before 1991 there was no gender study within archaeology (Wiley, 1991:3).
Or, if Wiley had written 2 papers in 1991 that you've referenced, mark them (yeara) and (yearb).
E.g. Before 1991 there was no gender study within archaeology (Wiley, 1991a:3).
UCL describe the Harvard citation style here.
As you can see from all the posts here, different departments have different ideas about referencing sources so the best thng you can do OP is send thar email and ask for an example. Nobody is going to fault you for doing that- they will however, fault you for referencing incorrectly so better safe than sorry.
Good luck
What an odd reference, I just read that a little while ago its a facinating book.